Indonesia Country Profile and Shrimp Information
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| Shrimp aquaculture has replaced mangrove forests in Sulawesi |
1. Country Profile
- Aquaculture in Indonesia
Aquaculture is an important component in Indonesian fisheries, which contributes to national food security, income and employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. Aquaculture has played its role as an alternative source of income for coastal fishery communities. It has also contributed in reducing the pressure on marine natural resources. Recently, aquaculture development in Indonesia has been accelerated, and is being considered as an important sector for supporting rural economic development.
Indonesia is an archipelagic country with a coastline of about 81,000 km, with more than 17,500 islands, 33 provinces, and has a vast potential for aquaculture. At the national level, the extent of the areas with potentials for aquaculture is estimated at 15.59 million hectares, composed of 2.23 million hectares of freshwater bodies, 1.22 million hectares of brackishwater areas and 12.14 million hectares of marine areas. To date, only 10.1% of freshwater, 40% of brackishwater and 0.01% of marine areas potentially suitable for aquaculture, are in use.
- Aquaculture Development
The total national aquaculture production in 2005 was 2.16 million metric tons (mt). Aquaculture and inland water capture fisheries contribute 29.1% to the country’s total fish production. Total aquaculture production increased by about 20.14% per year from 1,076,750 mt in 2001 to 2,163,674 mt in 2005 because of technological innovations, area expansion, and availability of suitable quality fish seed. Aquaculture is practiced in fresh, brackish and marine waters using a variety of production facilities and methods. Culture systems range from extensive to intensive depending on seed stocking density, level of inputs and degree of management. The significant growth of the aquaculture sector is a result of the high priority given to aquaculture development since the 1980s, and this was in turn triggered by the greater demand for food-fish, especially in the remote hinterlands, and the imposition of a ban on trawl fishing in 1980.
The Directorate General for Aquaculture is the government policy-making institution for the development of aquaculture in Indonesia, under the coordination of the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries. Whereas at the Provincial and District/City levels, aquaculture development policy is in the hands of the Fisheries and Marine Services of the Provinces and Districts/Municipalities concerned. In policy-making related to technical matters, the Directorate General for Aquaculture is supported by 12 Technical Implementation Units (UPT) distributed across the country. The main function of these UPT units is to produce appropriate technological packages within their respective fields of expertise. The UPT comprises 4 units of Freshwater Aquaculture Development Centres in Jambi, Sukabumi, Mandiangin and Tatelu; 4 units of Marine Culture Development Centres in Batam, Lampung, Ambon, and Mataram; and 4 units of Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Centres in Aceh, Jepara, Takalar and Situbondo.
2. Shrimp Information
- Shrimp/Prawn Production and Area Target for 2006 - 2009
Table 1. Shrimp/Prawn Production targets (mt), 2006 - 2009
Species |
2005* |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
%/year |
| Black Tiger Prawn | 97,823 |
109,888 |
126,228 |
146,615 |
162,355 |
13.52 |
| Vannamei Shrimp | 202,178 |
240,112 |
283,773 |
323,385 |
377,645 |
16.92 |
| Total | 300,000 |
350,000 |
410,000 |
470,000 |
540,000 |
15.83 |
| Additional Revitalisation Production | 50,000 |
60,000 |
60,000 |
70,000 |
Note:*estimated figures
Table 2. Total Area Targeted for Prawn/Shrimp Farming, 2006-2009 (In Hectares)
Species |
2005* |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
| Black Tiger Prawn | 85,700 |
93,500 |
107,500 |
124,800 |
138,200 |
| Vannamei Shrimp | 47,100 |
57,000 |
72,700 |
102,600 |
124,300 |
| Total | 132,800 |
150,500 |
180,200 |
227,400 |
262,500 |
Note:*estimated figures
- Brackish water Pond Production and Area Targeted for 2001-2005
Table 3. Production and Area Targets from Brackishwater Ponds, 2001-2005
Species |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Production (Metric Ton) | 454,710 |
473,128 |
501,977 |
559,612 |
643,975 |
| Brackish water pond area for all commodities), in hectares | 438,010 |
458,107 |
480,762 |
489,811 |
512,524 |
3. Expectation from the ASEAN Shrimp Alliance (ASA)
- Adoption of policy to refuse non-tariff barrier
- Quality improvement and value added
- Bio-security implementation